Timing Belt

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What Is Timing Belt

Timing belts are thick bands made of rubber that have hard teeth and ridges on their inside surface that help them to key with the cogwheels of the crankshafts and camshafts. They are used to power and facilitate functions in water pumps, oil pumps, and injection pumps, as required by the design of the engine. They are widely used in internal combustion engines to make the valves of the engine open and close in a rhythmic manner in time.

Advantages of Timing Belt

Timing belts, also known as positive-drive or high-torque belts, are used to synchronize the rotation of the components of a machine. Timing belts ensure that components operate in the correct sequence and at the proper time. For instance, internal combustion engines utilize a timing belt to synchronize the rotation of the camshaft and crankshaft to open and close the cylinder valves at the proper time during each cylinder's intake and exhaust strokes.
Timing belts are designed with teeth and require the installation of a matched tooth-driven sprocket. They are commonly used in industrial applications because they operate at up to 98% efficiency. While V-belts also offer high efficiency, their effectiveness is drastically reduced in a short period due to slippage. Maintenance costs are also a factor as they require frequent re-tensioning. In contrast, timing belts retain their efficiency over time and do not need periodic re-tensioning.
Timing belts are preferred for many industrial applications but they generally generate more noise than v-belts due to the impact of belt teeth engaging with pulley teeth.

What Are the Uses of Timing Belts

Highly efficient timing belts has the following uses and functions:
● It plays a significant part in successfully carrying out the combustion process by efficiently controlling the piston and the valves.
● It controls the valve operation by connecting the crankshaft and camshaft together.
● It takes care of the integrated opening and closing of the valves of the engine.
● It eliminates the need for external energy to operate the opening and closing of the valves by using the mechanical energy of the combustion engine.
● One of the crucial functions and uses of timing belts is that it restricts the piston from critically striking the valves.
● Despite being a single belt or device, it greatly contributes to the operation of multiple components like the upper balance shaft sprocket, lower balance shaft sprocket, camshaft belt drive gear, balance belt drive gear, balance belt tensioner roller, and timing belt tensioner roller.

The Timing Belt's Role

The belt transfers the rotation of the crankshaft via the crank timing gear to the camshaft gears. Most engines that use timing belts have overhead cams. As the crankshaft spins, the belt spins the cams at a 2:1 speed, meaning there's one cam rotation for every two crank rotations. The belt ensures the cams stay in time with the crankshaft. If the camshaft timing is adjustable, it's done through the cam gears.
There are two kinds of engines: interference and non-interference. In an interference engine, when the valves are open, the piston can touch the valve at top dead center (TDC). A non-interference engine is one where the valves can be fully open when the piston is at TDC.
If the timing belt stretches, breaks, or jumps a cog in an interference engine, the piston will most likely hit valves, which will bend or break the valve head and can break the piston. This almost always results in a destroyed engine that requires a total rebuild or replacement. Non-interference engines do not damage themselves when the belt fails.

How Often to Replace the Timing Belt

Most timing belts should be replaced every 60,000 to 100,000 miles. Check your owner's manual to find the recommended change interval. When changing the timing belt, most manufacturers recommend replacing the water pump simultaneously. Many timing belt kits come with a new water pump as well.
While most belts will last beyond the recommended replacement interval, they will show signs of aging. Look for cracking, frayed edges, and missing or damaged cogs. It can be difficult to get to the timing belt to look for signs, as some engines have it buried under the front covers, accessory drive, and valve covers. Other engines have removable access covers that pop off easily to check the belt. But a timing belt can always fail without any outward signs, making preventative maintenance the key to a long-lived engine. Changing the belt when you are at or near the recommended interval is the best bet.

How to Replace a Timing Belt

Replacing a timing belt is a moderate-level repair job. The basic replacement is not difficult, just time-consuming. But the peril is high, as you can easily get the timing of the cams wrong if you do not start with the engine in the correct position or if you move the cams during the process.
Every engine is different, but there are usually marks on the cam gears for the TDC position. These marks are either noted to point to a specific mark on the cylinder head(s) or to a certain clocking (12 o'clock, 3 o'clock, etc.). If you just pull the covers, remove the belt, and put the new one on without checking the timing, you can cause significant damage.
When changing a timing belt, you should have all the required parts gathered and ready to install.

Disconnect the battery negative terminal and locate the timing belt covers.

Remove the serpentine accessory drive belt and any components to access the belt. Reference the repair manual for your vehicle to do the job correctly.

Remove the timing cover(s), which may be in one piece or multiple pieces.

Rotate the engine until the crankshaft and timing gears are at the correct TDC point as referenced in your repair manual. This is a critical step. If possible, lock the timing gears so that they cannot move.
Remove the tensioner(s), then remove the belt.

Replace the belt immediately, ensuring the gears and crank do not move even a little.

Install new tensioners to tighten the belt.

Reinstall the covers, accessories, and serpentine belt. If the kit came with a water pump, replace it as well.

Connect the battery negative terminal.
These are the basic steps to replacing a timing belt. Your engine may require additional steps or parts. When you follow the guidelines and pay attention to the details, you should be able to change your timing belt in an afternoon.

What Are the Signs of Timing Belts Going Out

Timing belts may give off several warning signs when they are going bad. Some of these include:
● A ticking noise coming from the engine
● A drop in oil pressure
● Difficulty starting the engine
● The engine misfires
● The car vibrates or shakes while driving and feels rough or bouncy
● The check engine light comes on
● If you notice any of these signs, it is essential to have your car checked by a member of our team.

Applications of Timing Belts

Timing belts play a crucial role in diverse applications, each with its unique set of advantages. Delves into the applications of timing belts, highlighting their advantages and addressing considerations when compared to flat or round belts.
Timing belts are integral components in automobile timing belt/cam belt systems, ensuring the efficient coordination of rotational motion between the crankshaft and camshaft. This precision is vital for the proper functioning of intake/exhaust valves, determining the engine's pace and combustion process. These high-performance belts operate under extreme conditions, maintaining synchronicity and functioning at high rotational speeds.
Beyond automotive use, timing belts find application in treadmill drive mechanisms. Contrary to the treadmill's running surface, the timing belt transfers rotary motion from the central motor to the drive pulley. Whether using flat friction timing belts or toothed belts, these components contribute to the treadmill's functionality, showcasing the versatility of timing belts in different industries.

Design of Timing Belts

There are two main components of a timing belt: the molded cords inside the timing belt for carrying the torque load and the plastic compound used to shape the teeth and cover the cord itself. These components are available in different types of materials for different types of timing belts. To determine the type of materials to use, one has to consider the end use of the belt. Timing belts' cords are usually made out of fiberglass, polyester, or Kevlar. They transmit power in the drive system through the belt.
The cord and the belt teeth are oriented at right angles with each other so that the cord can linearly transmit the power applied to the belt. An example of a belt that carries huge loads is the serpentine belt utilized in automobile engines. In smaller drive systems, elongation of the belt is minimal.
Belt stretch does not exist practically in small drive applications since the cord materials are so strong in relation to the loads that they transmit. Too high loads can cause breakage of cords as well as belt teeth jumping, or cogging over the pulley teeth. During the construction of timing belts, a mold in which the plastic is injected is present. The plastic is then injected into the mold that already contains the wound cord and accurate tooth profiles that are cut into the mold.
There is always a different mold available for each different belt length since there must be the exact number of teeth in the mold as there are on the finished belt. This is done to produce a finished, continuous belt that has no beginning or end. A mold can produce a sleeve that has a width of 18 to 36 inches having the number of teeth that is desired. The sleeve is accurately trimmed into the desired belt widths by special slitting tools. Food processing belts are made from urethane, when FDA requirements must be met. With urethane, any particles are less likely to be seen because urethane can be colored or left in a clear natural state. This is a different case with black neoprene belts.
The standard material for timing belts is neoprene because it exhibits good wear characteristics and from the mold, it accurately holds the tooth profile. To reduce wear, neoprene belts have a facing that is made from nylon fabric. To meet special requirements for low dust or particle applications like office copiers, clean rooms or medical, engineered polymers are used. To generate less dust than neoprene, an EPDM polymer is used as a core with all tooth wear surfaces over coated with nylon. This also ensures the accurate holding of tooth profile for many hours of use compared to urethane or neoprene belts.

Timing Belt Teeth

LStrong timing belt teeth are reliable for keeping the crank and cam shafts synchronized, and there is a wide range of metric pitches for the teeth. Pitch is the distance measured from the center of one tooth to the center of another adjacent tooth on a timing belt. Pitches impact other timing belt pulley factors that include the number of teeth and diameter. Older timing belts are designed using trapezoidal-shaped teeth, when it comes to teeth design.
However, new manufacturing techniques that allow for curved teeth to combat the challenges with noise and lifespan that are common in multiple belts designed using trapezoidal shaped teeth. An important point to note on the construction of timing belts is that a timing belt with shortened width offers improved performance due to the reduction of weight and friction.

● Timing Belt Tooth Profiles
There are many different arrangements of timing belt teeth depending on the desired application and environment.
As already mentioned before the first arrangement is the trapezoidal arrangement, while curvilinear tooth profiles are used by more modern timing belts.

● Trapezoidal Belts
For transmitting forces, trapezoidal teeth are extremely effective. However, when the levels of torque and speed are high, teeth of this blunt shape tend to wear down fast. Trapezoidal teeth remain common despite their faults, and for precision conveying and linear positioning belts, they are typically the primary choice.

● Curvilinear Belts
Curvilinear toothed timing belts have a smoother and more rounded tooth shape. These types of belts reduce the risk of tension loss and they alleviate the high concentration of force that is experienced by trapezoidal teeth. Curvilinear timing belts have drawbacks of their own despite the great improvements they offer over other tooth designs. Curvilinear belt teeth are prone to a greater amount of play between the grooves of the pulleys and the teeth of the belt. This difficulty is referred to as backlash, and results in less accurate positioning of the timing belt, and the performance of the timing belt is potentially decreased.

● Modified Curvilinear Belts
These types of belts seek to combine the strengths possessed by both curvilinear and trapezoidal tooth profiles. Modified curvilinear belts have a shallower tooth depth and steeper sides. As a consequence, they are capable of transmitting forces of higher speed and torque effectively, without putting a sacrifice on durability. These types of belts are often primary choice industrial applications that are demanding.

Stages in Designing a Timing Belt

The stages in designing timing belts are typically:

Stage 1: Peak Torque
The first stage is the determination of the peak torque for the drive. This is mostly the starting torque of the motor. However there may also be momentary or shock loads that are unusual occurring during normal operation.

Stage 2: Diameter Determination
The second stage is the determination of the diameters of the largest pulley that can be utilized. This is done in consideration of the space limitations and the system's drive ratio. This helps by increasing the drive's torque capacity and prolonging the service life of the belt.

Stage 3: Tooth Profile Selection
The third stage is the selection of the tooth profile of the belt. If for the selected profile, the torque for the peak drive is at the upper limits of torque transmission capability, consider making use of the next higher torque rated profile. For the selected profile, find the corresponding pitch. For the calculation of the required number of belt teeth, this value will be needed.

Stage 4: Calculating T.I.M
Calculate the T.I.M (teeth in mesh), bearing in mind the teeth in mesh factor. The peak torque from stage one must now be divided by the T.I.M. factor in order to determine the design torque. An important point to note is to check the belt pitch again to ensure that your application has not been moved outside the limits of the pitch that is desired for the chosen pulleys by this adjustment in torque.

Stage 5: Belt Pitch Length
This stage involves the calculation of the belt pitch length based on the distance of the design center of the drive.

Stage 6: Length Division and Belt Pitch
The sixth stage involves the division of the length of the belt pitch by the selected tooth pitch and rounding of the result to the nearest whole number. This will be the number of teeth on the belt for the application. The nominal center distance of the drive design must be adjusted to match the belt.

Stage 7: Calculating Effective Tension
This seventh stage calculates the effective tension (Te) on the drive by using the pitch radius and design torque of the loaded pulley that is the smallest in the system.

Stage 8: Strength Factor
In this stage, the selection of the strength factor for the application is done. The effective tension from stage seven is then divided by the strength factor to determine the break strength required for the belt design. To represent a double span break, multiply by 2. For the determination of the reinforcement type that is required and the belt width, consult the table for the break strength. The value that is listed in the table must be larger than the break strength for the design.

Stage 9: Belt Width Selection
This stage involves the selection of the belt width that is able to handle the torque of the design with the selected size of the pulley. An important point to note is that the required width of the belt for the system will be wider of the two.

Timing Belts Construction Material

The various materials used in constructing timing belts include:

Rubber in Timing Belts

Rubber is the most famous timing belt construction material used across industries and applications. Many of the internal combustion engines found in a great diversity of cars use timing belts that are made out of some type of rubber or rubber compound. Even though rubber is the most commonly used material for timing belts, it does have some drawbacks.
Timing belts made from rubber are notorious for stretching and breaking relatively quickly if they are subjected to high temperatures and quantities of motor oil found in the engine blocks of vehicles. Nowadays, there are multiple types of rubber materials that are temperature resistant due to the advancement of technology. These rubber materials are now used to prolong the lifespan of your timing belts, and improve their resistance to distortion.
Greater strength and traction is also offered by improved rubber compounds and reinforcing fibers. These improved rubber compounds also guard against sheared teeth or any other potential damage to the belt.

Polyurethane Material
Polyurethane has become a famous option for timing belts due to its properties which are resistance to high temperatures, natural greater elasticity and resistance to harmful effects of oil. For a broad range of applications, timing belts made from polyurethane are long lasting and offer extremely energy efficient solutions.
Polyurethane belts are capable of delivering high tensile strength and they also provide higher loading capacities. These higher loading capacities are crucial for the production of optimal torque. These types of belts are preferred by many in the industry because their cleaning and maintenance is relatively easy. Polyurethane is the best choice of material for making timing belts for multiple types of power transmissions and roller conveyor systems.

Fabric Belts
Timing belts made from fabric are the best choice when requiring high-performance and acceleration forces. In fabric timing belts, a wide array and combinations of materials are used. This results in splendid tensile strength, low coefficients of friction, and brilliant resistance to temperatures, both high and low. When the requirements to be met are high torque or acceleration, there is a great diversity of fabric timing belt options that will highly benefit.

Our Factory

Taizhou Feilizhou Rubber-Belt Co., Ltd was established in 2006,is located in the biggest base of rubber production in zhejiang, which is very near the ningbo and shanghai port,which has experienced a rapid development with the help of Auto Parts Industrial experts since its inception.

FAQ

Q: What is the working mechanism of timing belts?

A: The timing belts harmonise the closing-opening function and timings of the crankshaft, camshaft, and exhaust valve. It helps in the intake of fuel and air entering the combustion engine, along with controlling the exhaust valve to let the smoke or exhaust escape. The belt keeps the engine coordinated and maintains its ability and productivity.

Q: Why does my timing belt squeal/make noise?

A: If your timing belt is worn and old, it can start to squeal or squeak. This squealing often indicates a symptom of a failing timing belt. Look through this article if you think your timing belt may have experienced a failure. If you've recently replaced the timing belt, but not the belt tensioner (and possibly the idler pulley), the worn tensioner may be causing the problem. If the tensioner is worn, you should attend to this issue immediately to avoid further damage.

Q: Why is my timing belt repeatedly breaking?

A: Repeatedly breaking a timing belt is a very rare situation. It can be a symptom of a belt that is too tight. If you have snapped a relatively new timing belt, you should do more research on your specific vehicle and ensure you're using the correct length timing belt.

Q: Do I have a timing belt or timing chain?

A: For many years timing belts were used more often than timing chains in engines. More recently, the pendulum has begun to swing towards the timing chain. To know which type of timing your vehicle uses, you should research your specific model year and engine type.

Q: Why is my new timing belt squeaking?

A: If you've recently had your timing belt replaced and it's suddenly squeaking, this can be just as problematic as an old squealing belt. The typical cause is that the tensioner or idler were not replaced at the same time as the belt. If you're concerned about a recent timing belt repair, read this article.

Q: When is my timing belt "due" for a change?

A: In recent years, manufacturers have continually developed their timing belt designs to ensure they last as long as possible. Most older cars needed a timing belt replacement every 50,000 miles, but more recently, timing belts can last up to 100,000 thousand miles or more. While many tend to lean on mileage to determine when to change a timing belt, you should note the belt is made of rubber. Even cars that are driven infrequently are subject to rubber breakdown. It is a good idea to replace your timing belt before it is five or six years old.

Q: How often should timing belts be changed?

A: The recommended interval for replacing a timing belt varies depending on the car manufacturer and model. As a general rule, most car manufacturers recommend replacing the timing belt around every 60,000 or every 5 years, whichever comes first. However, it is essential to check your car's manual for the recommended interval for your specific car. Alternatively, you can give our teams a call and we'll be able to find out when this is due for you.

Q: What happens when your timing belt goes bad?

A: When a timing belt goes wrong, it may snap or become loose, causing the engine's valves and pistons to collide, leading to severe damage. In some cases, the engine may stop functioning altogether. The repairs for a damaged engine resulting from a broken timing belt can be costly, ranging from £1,000 to £3,000, depending on the extent of the damage. It's worth noting that this is to be expected at some point as they are not designed to last forever. These belts come under incredible strain during engine loads so it's important to know when yours is due.

Q: What is the lifespan of timing belts?

A: The lifespan of a timing belt varies depending on the car manufacturer and model. As mentioned earlier, most manufacturers recommend replacing the timing belt every 50,000 miles or every 5 years. However, the timing belt's lifespan can be affected by several factors, such as driving conditions and maintenance.

Q: Do timing belts break without warning?

A: Timing belts don't tend to break without giving any warning signs first. As discussed earlier, there are several warning signs of a timing belt going out.

Q: Can a timing belt last 200 000 miles?

A: No timing belt will last for 200k miles. If not replaced at the appropriate odo readings, it would snap and wreck the engine. Maybe, but consult your manual.

Q: Is a toothed belt a timing belt?

A: A timing belt is a non-slipping mechanical drive belt and the term may refer to either: Toothed belt, a flexible belt with teeth moulded onto its inner surface.

Q: What is timing belt used for?

A: A vehicle's timing belt (or cambelt), are extremely important for keeping internal combustion engines running. The job of the timing belt is to harmonize crankshaft and camshaft rotation, and if both are synced up properly, then your vehicle's pistons and valves will operate correctly.

Q: Can I drive my car with a bad timing belt?

A: When your timing belt is broken, you won't be able to drive your car at all. Oftentimes, the timing belt will break while the car is in motion. This can cause serious damage to cylinder head hardware like rocker arms, push rods, or valves.

Q: How often should a timing belt be replaced?

A: Now that technology has improved, timing belts don't need to be changed as often as in previous decades, but you should still book an appointment to replace the belt between 60,000 and 100,000 miles. In the past, every 60,000 miles was a hard rule

Q: What happens when the timing belt goes out?

A: First, the camshaft stops moving, and all timing is lost. Then, the pistons crash into the valves, damaging both parts. Depending on how hard the pistons and valves collide, you might also end up with decimated cylinder walls. The broken timing belt basically takes out this entire portion of the engine.

Q: How long does it take to fix a timing belt?

A: The time it takes to replace a timing belt varies depending on the car's make and model. On average, it takes between 4 to 6 hours to replace a timing belt. However, some cars may require more time as there may be more parts that need to be removed to gain access.

Q: Is a timing belt easy to replace?

A: It is an intricate, labor-intensive process that can take 4–8 hours, depending on the vehicle. But replacing the timing belt before it breaks will prevent engine damage and save you money in the long run. If you're unsure about your belt needs to be replaced.

Q: What sound does a bad timing belt make?

A: Worn belt ribs and a misaligned belt can result from an improper installation that can cause an annoying chirping sound. Timing belts are known to occasionally have a ticking sound as well that can stem from low engine oil or other issues.

Q: Can low oil cause timing belt to break?

A: If the camshafts or indeed crankshaft don't have enough oil pressure to operate properly, they can seize up, causing the timing belt to break.

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